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Category: ESS Topic 4 Water

  • ESS 4.4.5 [AHL] Indicator Species and Biotic Index

    ESS 4.4.5 [AHL] Indicator Species and Biotic Index

    Learning Objectives Part 1: Indicator Species ..are organisms whose presence, absence, or abundance reflects a specific environmental condition, such as pollution. They are not limited to water pollution and can indicate: Tolerance to Pollution Some species can tolerate low oxygen levels caused by organic pollution and thrive in polluted conditions. Others cannot survive in low…

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  • ESS 4.4.3 Eutrophication

    ESS 4.4.3 Eutrophication

    Learning Objectives Part 1: Eutrophication Process Anthropogenic Eutrophication Phosphorus Nitrogen Impacts of Eutrophication Consequences Part 2: [AHL] Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) Freshwater HABs Marine (Coastal) HABs Other Factors Part 3: Eutrophication on Ecological Services Effects on Fishing Effects on Recreation Aesthetic Impacts Health Concerns Part 3: Management Strategies Altering Human Activities Reducing Emission Clean-Up Strategies…

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  • ESS 4.4.2 [Case Studies] 16 Top Water Crises Around the World

    ESS 4.4.2 [Case Studies] 16 Top Water Crises Around the World

    1. Flint Water Crisis (USA) 2. Ganges River Pollution (India) 3. Citarum River (Indonesia) 4. Lake Tai (China) 5. Niger Delta (Nigeria) 6. Yamuna River (India) 7. Aral Sea Shrinkage (Kazakhstan/Uzbekistan) 8. Wular Lake (India) 9. Tiete River (Brazil) 10. Love Canal (USA) 11. Po River (Italy) 12. River Thames (UK) 13. Oder River (Poland/Germany,…

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  • ESS 4.4.4 Water Quality Indicators

    ESS 4.4.4 Water Quality Indicators

    Learning Objectives Part 1: Water Quality Assessment Water quality monitoring in freshwater systems involves assessing: Purpose of data collection: Standard water quality tests can be conducted on drinking water, rivers, and other sites using portable equipment that detects: Common water quality indicators for rivers include: Two main methods of measuring water quality: Summary of measures:…

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  • ESS 4.4.2 Introduction to Water Pollution

    ESS 4.4.2 Introduction to Water Pollution

    Learning Objectives Part 1: Defining Water Pollution Freshwater and marine pollution sources: Storm water pollution: Annual highway run-off (1 km of M1 in the UK): Part 2: Point and Non-Point Water Pollutions Point Source Pollution Non-Point Source Pollution Common Types of Water Pollutants: Part 3: Plastics in the Ocean Plastic Pollution in Oceans Case Study:…

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  • ESS 4.4.1 [AHL] Aquatic Dead Zones and Water Treatment

    ESS 4.4.1 [AHL] Aquatic Dead Zones and Water Treatment

    Learning Objectives Part 1: Hypoxic and Anoxic Causes and Impacts of Hypoxia and Anoxia in Aquatic Systems Part 2: Water Treatment Overview of Sewage Treatment Global Differences in Sewage Treatment – Global treatment rate (2021): ~52% of sewage treated Part 3: Stages of Water Treatment Exercise 1. What is a primary cause of hypoxia in…

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  • ESS 4.3.5 Protected Marine and Aquaculture

    ESS 4.3.5 Protected Marine and Aquaculture

    Learning Objectives Part 1: Protected Marine Areas Part 2: Aquaculture Expansion and Purpose of Aquaculture Key Species and Market Information Economic and Production Characteristics Environmental Impacts Environmental and Energy Costs Benefits of Aquaculture Mitigation Strategies

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  • ESS 4.3.4 [AHL] EEZ and Biorights

    ESS 4.3.4 [AHL] EEZ and Biorights

    Learning Objectives Part 1: Exclusive Economic Zone, EEZ Key Information of EEZ Disputes and Surveys of EEZ Part 2: Animal rights and Indigenous hunters Historical Whaling – In the late 1930s, over 50,000 whales were killed annually. Part 3: Whaling Case Studies

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  • ESS 4.3.3 [AHL] Monitoring the Sustainability of The Aquatic Food Production Systems

    ESS 4.3.3 [AHL] Monitoring the Sustainability of The Aquatic Food Production Systems

    Learning Objectives Part 1: Productivity, Thermal Stratification, Nutrient Mixing and Nutrient Loading Ocean Productivity and Photosynthesis Light and Photosynthesis in the Ocean Ocean Layers and Mixing Nutrients and Productivity Geographic and Seasonal Variations in Productivity Part 2: Assessment of Fish Stocks and Monitoring of Harvest Rates Assessment of Fish Stocks and Monitoring of Harvest Rates…

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  • ESS 4.3.2 Sustainability of Aquatic Food Production Systems

    ESS 4.3.2 Sustainability of Aquatic Food Production Systems

    Learning Objectives Part 1: Unsustainable Harvesting The rising global demand for seafood has driven the adoption of unsustainable fishing practices, leading to overexploitation of marine resources. These harmful methods include bottom trawling, ghost fishing, and the use of poisons and explosives. Bottom TrawlingBottom trawling involves dragging a net across the ocean floor. There are two…

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  • ESS 4.3.1 Productivity of Aquatic Systems

    ESS 4.3.1 Productivity of Aquatic Systems

    Learning Objectives Part 1: Aquatic Producers Phytoplankton Aquaculture Macrophytes (Aquatic Plants) Part 2: [AHL] Thermal Stratification and Nutrient Cycling Production Rates of Productivity Geographic and Seasonal Variations in Productivity Part 3: How we consume aquatic food? Fauna (Animals in Aquatic Food Production) Flora (Aquatic Plants & Seaweed Use) Rising Demand for Aquatic Foods

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  • ESS 4.2.4 [AHL] Measure of Water Use and Sustainability

    ESS 4.2.4 [AHL] Measure of Water Use and Sustainability

    Learning Objectives Part 1: Water Footprint Water Footprint: A Measure of Water Use and Sustainability Global Water Footprint Statistics Challenges and Misinterpretations of Water Footprint Part 2: The Roles of Citizen Science in Water Systems Citizen Science and Water Quality Monitoring Example: Citizen Science in Killarney, Ireland Relevance to Global Water Quality Monitoring Findings from…

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  • ESS 4.2 [AHL] Uneven Access and Sanitation

    ESS 4.2 [AHL] Uneven Access and Sanitation

    Unequal access to clean water and sanitation poses risks to human health and sustainable development, disproportionately affecting marginalised groups like Indigenous communities and low-income households. Water and Sanitation Challenges in South Africa Household Access to Water Household Access to Sanitation Inequality in Water and Sanitation Access Historical and Racial Disparities Provincial Disparities – Eastern Cape

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  • ESS 4.2 [AHL] The Need for Desalination

    ESS 4.2 [AHL] The Need for Desalination

    Water Crisis in the Arab World: The Rising Dependence on Desalination The Arab world faces a critical water scarcity crisis, with limited freshwater resources to support its growing population of 400 million. As a result, desalination has become a lifeline for many countries in the region, despite its heavy dependence on fossil fuels and significant…

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  • ESS 4.2.3 Water Stress

    ESS 4.2.3 Water Stress

    Learning Objectives Part 1: Global Water Stress Part 2: Addressing Water Stress at an Industrial Level Water stress can be managed at an industrial level through various strategies, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. Dams One of the most common methods is the construction of dams, which are barriers built across rivers or valleys…

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